Finding good-quality healthcare in Libya can be challenging, as the system remains fragile, with many hospitals facing staff shortages and limited resources. Many foreign medical professionals left during the years of conflict, resulting in a significant "brain drain" in the healthcare field. That being said, the government and the WHO are working on reforms to strengthen healthcare and expand access to medicines. These efforts mark a shift from emergency recovery toward longer‑term reform, though challenges persist.
Public healthcare in Libya
Access to Libya’s public healthcare system is free for Libyan nationals and expats working in the country, but the standard of care is almost universally low, with limited capacity for chronic and complex conditions. International NGOs such as Doctors Without Borders previously operated clinics across the country, but their activities were suspended in 2025.
Libyans who can afford it pursue medical facilities abroad for treatment, mainly for chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. It is therefore highly recommended that expats consider medical options abroad if a serious condition arises. That means choosing a medical insurance package that provides for emergency evacuation.
Useful links
Private healthcare in Libya
Many locals and expats turn to private healthcare facilities in Libya. Private services generally offer faster treatment and a higher standard of care, though costs are considerably higher than in the public sector. Compared to neighbouring countries, the availability of private healthcare in Libya remains limited, and many patients still opt to travel abroad for certain procedures or treatments. As private care can be expensive, a comprehensive health insurance policy is a must when travelling to Libya.
Health insurance in Libya
Owing to Libya's struggling public healthcare system and limited availability of private care, a comprehensive international health insurance policy is essential for expats relocating to Libya. A plan that covers emergency medical evacuation to better-equipped nearby countries is strongly recommended. Health insurance is not mandatory for entry into the country, but becomes a requirement for those seeking residency.
Pharmacies and medicines in Libya
Pharmacies in Libya are somewhat rare, particularly in rural areas, and available medications are limited, as the country experiences frequent shortages. Remember to bring along any chronic medication you may require – you might struggle to find certain types of prescription medicines in Libya. Certain drugs are restricted or heavily regulated in the country, making it important that expats reach out to their local Libyan consulate or embassy for up-to-date information.
Health hazards and vaccinations in Libya
Vaccinations are not required for entry into the country, but expats will need several vaccinations to travel safely in Libya. Hepatitis A and B and typhoid are all prevalent in Libya, and new arrivals should ensure they protect themselves against these infectious diseases.
Tap water in Libya is generally not safe to drink, and boiling or filtering water for consumption is recommended. Rabies is common in Libya's livestock and the large population of stray animals. Avoid contact with cattle and stray dogs to reduce the risk of rabies. Those travelling to the country's desert regions are at risk of heat stroke and dehydration. Always carry enough water with you and avoid direct sun, particularly around midday.
Useful links
Emergency medical services in Libya
Emergency treatment at public hospitals is free in Libya, but response times can be extremely slow and ambulance availability is not guaranteed. If you find yourself in an emergency situation, contact your embassy, insurance provider, or hospital directly. Failing this, you can dial 193 for an ambulance or 1515 for the police and fire brigade.