Doing Business in Egypt

Doing business in Egypt can be a daunting and somewhat frustrating process for those unfamiliar with the culture and economic realities of the country. To succeed in Egyptian business, you will need to familiarise yourself with the local culture and build solid relationships with your counterparts.

Every step of the business process in Egypt can take much longer than it would in Western European countries or the USA, so build generous buffers into your timelines for negotiations and possible setbacks. If you are moving to Egypt to set up a business, arrange meetings as far in advance as possible, even before arriving in the country. Confirm the meeting close to the time, too.

Fast facts

Business hours

Sunday to Thursday, from 9am to 5pm. This can vary between businesses; government offices often close earlier, around 3pm. Hours are reduced during Ramadan.

Business language

The official language in Egypt is Arabic, but English is also widely spoken and understood in the business world.

Greetings

The most common greeting is a handshake. Close associates may kiss one another on the cheek. Men should wait for local women to extend their hands first; if they do not, a slight nod of the head is appropriate.

Dress

Smart and conservative, especially for women. First impressions are important in Egypt and are strongly influenced by how you present yourself, so dressing well is essential. Men should wear dark-coloured, lightweight suits with a tie. Women should ensure that any skirt or dress falls below the knees and that their shoulders and arms are covered.

Gifts

It is customary to exchange gifts in Egypt. Gifts should be neatly wrapped and of high quality, and should be given with the right hand, or both hands if the gift is large. Gifts are not usually opened in the presence of the giver. Avoid giving flowers, as these are reserved for events such as funerals and weddings, or to comfort the ill. Alcohol and pork products are also unsuitable gifts, as the majority of Egyptians are Muslim.

Gender equality

Women are significantly underrepresented in Egyptian business; female labour force participation is around 17percent, and few women hold leadership positions. Expat businesswomen are typically respected in professional circles, although you will be expected to dress and behave more conservatively than you would in the West.

Business culture in Egypt

Relationships

Egyptians prioritise forming strong personal relationships with their business associates. Take time to earn the trust of potential business partners before you get down to brass tacks. Your network matters in Egyptian business culture; call upon local contacts for useful introductions and references.

Meetings and time

When meeting a business associate for the first time, do not expect to get straight down to business; Egyptians prefer to take some time to get to know you first. It’s best for expats to wait for their Egyptian business partner to steer the conversation towards business. Schedule meetings weeks in advance and confirm them at least two days before the date. Be prepared for meetings to start late or be interrupted by phone calls; this is normal and should not be taken as disrespect.

Negotiations

The key to negotiations in Egypt is patience. Business meetings are slow and lengthy. Egyptians are tough negotiators and will rarely settle for the initial terms of a contract. Avoid pressuring other parties during negotiations, as this will create distrust.

Hierarchy

The business environment in Egypt is hierarchical. Status and titles are held in high regard. Address people by their title followed by their surname. If no formal title exists, Mr or Mrs is sufficient.

Communication and saving face

Communication in Egyptian business tends to be indirect; listen carefully for non-verbal cues, and try not to put colleagues in a position where they might lose face. Honour is highly valued in both business and wider Egyptian society. A person’s word is their bond, and it’s considered deeply dishonourable to go back on a verbal agreement. Follow through with any promises made during negotiations, as this will show trustworthiness.

Dos and don’ts of business in Egypt

• Do take the time to get to know business associates on a personal and professional level. Business relationships in Egypt are based on familiarity and trust.
• Don't make promises you cannot keep. Honour is highly valued in business.
• Do dress well for business meetings. Appearances and first impressions are important.
• Don't expect to do business during Ramadan, as the pace slows considerably and work hours are shorter.
• Do make direct eye contact during negotiations, as it is considered a sign of honesty and sincerity.
• Do have your business cards printed in English on one side and Arabic on the other.
• Do accept offers of tea or coffee during meetings; it’s considered impolite to decline.
• Don't discuss politics or religion in business settings, as opinions can be strongly polarised.