This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

Israel is a highly developed country with an advanced communication infrastructure. New arrivals in Israel will find that all services required for keeping in touch, both domestically and abroad, are readily available at reasonable prices.

Internet in Israel

The internet in Israel is fast and reliable. Ranked among the top 20 countries globally for fixed broadband speed, with fibre connections reaching nearly all homes – the infrastructure is genuinely impressive for a country of Israel’s size. There are many public WiFi areas, such as coffee shops and hotels, as well as on some buses, at petrol stations and in malls.

Expats in Israel won’t need landlines for internet access. Home internet connections are typically something a tenant will have to organise themselves, and they are not automatically included in the rent.

Social networks such as Facebook, X/Twitter and LinkedIn are widely used with no restrictions.

Useful links

• JET Fiber
• Partner: Internet and Fibre Services

Mobile phones in Israel

Mobile phones are the preferred form of communication in Israel, and many Israeli individuals own more than one device. Many residents only use their mobile phones and do not have landlines.

The main mobile network operators in Israel are Cellcom, Pelephone, Partner, and Hot Mobile. Each company offers its own packages and deals, and expats shouldn’t struggle to find one that suits their needs.

There are also prepaid options, whereby one can load credit onto a SIM card without committing to a contract. These are widely available in shopping malls, phone shops, and some supermarkets – a passport is required to purchase.

Useful links

• Cellcom
• Pelephone
• Partner Mobile

Postal services in Israel

The Israeli postal service has many branches throughout the country, and the post office provides a wide variety of services in addition to mailing letters and packages, including banking, currency exchange, and Western Union transfers. That said, reliability can be inconsistent – many expats report delays and occasional lost items, particularly with international parcels. Patience is key.

Useful links

• Israel Post

English-language media in Israel

While Hebrew and Arabic are the two official languages in Israel, English is widely used. All service providers have an option for English communication, and all large businesses and services have an option for English on their websites.

Television

There are several providers of cable television in Israel, each providing different types of packages. Many series and films on Israeli television are in English. They usually have Hebrew subtitles but aren’t dubbed, so English-speaking viewers can see them in their original form.

Many international channels are also available, as are streaming services like Netflix and Amazon Prime.

News

The most convenient access to news is through the internet. News is also broadcast in English on the radio and television at specific times of the day. The English-language service of Israel’s public broadcaster, KAN REKA (100.3/101.3 FM), offers news updates in English at scheduled times throughout the day.

Newspapers

Two English newspapers are published in Israel, The Jerusalem Post and Haaretz, both of which are available online and in print. There are also online Israeli news options in English, including Times of Israel, Israel National News, and Ynetnews.

Useful links

• The Jerusalem Post
• The Times of Israel

Safety in Israel is a common concern for expats. The security situation changed dramatically after October 2023, and escalated again in early 2026 when the US and Israel launched strikes on Iran. Iran retaliated with missile and drone attacks on Israeli cities, and the conflict with Hezbollah in Lebanon resumed in full. Ceasefires have been brokered at various stages, but the situation can change overnight.

Crime rates in Israel are relatively low compared to the US and most Western European countries, with minimal gun violence and a low risk of mugging. Expats who take sensible precautions and avoid conflict areas will find most of the country as livable as many other popular expat destinations.

Terrorism in Israel

Terrorism in Israel has long been a serious threat, and 7 October 2023 was a watershed: a Hamas-led attack on nearby communities killed around 1,200 people and saw approximately 250 taken as hostages.

There are several fronts: Hamas and allied factions in Gaza, Hezbollah in Lebanon, and armed groups operating in the West Bank. Iran has launched large-scale missile and drone attacks directly at Israel on multiple occasions since 2024, and the two countries were engaged in open war from February 2026. Lone actor stabbings and vehicle-ramming attacks have occurred in urban areas, including Jerusalem.

The Israeli national security apparatus is among the most developed in the world. Heavily populated areas and tourist-frequented sites are closely guarded, and the visible security presence in public spaces is considered simply part of life.

Rocket attacks

There is a threat of rocket attacks in Israel on multiple fronts from Gaza, Lebanon, and Iran. Ceasefires with Hamas and Hezbollah were brokered in 2024 and 2025, but none held for long. Fighting with Hezbollah resumed in early 2026 alongside the broader conflict with Iran, and northern Israel has again come under sustained rocket and drone fire. The situation can change quickly.

Expats should stay informed about the current state of affairs at all times and follow the safety advice of their national government.

Israel has invested heavily in countering rocket attacks. The Iron Dome air defence system claims a roughly 90 percent interception rate under typical conditions. Download the official Home Front Command (Pikud HaOref) app or the widely used third-party RedAlert app – both relay real-time alerts keyed to your location.

Conflict areas around Israel

The conflict areas around Israel centre on several key regions that most expats avoid altogether. Problematic areas include:

Gaza

The Gaza region, bordering Egypt and the Mediterranean, has been the epicentre of the most devastating conflict in the Israeli-Palestinian relationship in decades, and much of the territory has been razed to the ground.

Travel to Gaza is entirely off-limits to foreigners. Every major government strongly advises against travel to the territory.

West Bank

The West Bank has major historical and religious significance. Expats can travel there, although they will need to pass through Israeli military checkpoints. Israel has also been conducting large-scale military operations across the northern West Bank – particularly in Jenin and Tulkarm. Access to parts of the territory can be severely restricted at short notice.

Settlement construction has accelerated sharply in recent years, and confrontations between Israeli forces, settlers, and Palestinian residents are frequent – especially around Hebron and the Jordan Valley.

Expats travelling to Jerusalem should note that the eastern half of the city falls within the West Bank. Some governments advise their citizens to stay alert in East Jerusalem and the Old City, where protests and religious demonstrations are common.

Golan Heights

The Golan Heights came under Israeli control during the Six-Day War in 1967 and has been a contested territory ever since. Following the fall of Syria’s Assad government in December 2024, Israel moved troops into the previously UN-monitored buffer zone – a significant shift in the dynamics of the Golan Heights. Israeli officials have since indicated the military presence will be indefinite.

The border area with Syria is considered high risk and highly unpredictable. Travel advisories recommend against travel to the area.

Northern Israel

Northern Israel has been heavily affected by Hezbollah rocket and drone attacks since late 2023. A ceasefire took effect in November 2024, but it was frequently violated throughout 2025 and effectively collapsed in early 2026 amidst the broader conflict with Iran. Tens of thousands of residents have been displaced from border communities, and large parts of the north have come under sustained fire. The situation along the Lebanese border remains extremely volatile.

Most governments advise against travel near the Lebanese and Syrian borders. Check your national government’s latest travel advisory before visiting the north of the country.

General safety in Israel

What most expats discover is that general safety in Israel, at least in the major cities, compares favourably with other international hubs. Violent crime is low, locals generally treat visitors well, and cities like Tel Aviv carry on much as they always have. Security checks at shopping centres, transport hubs, and popular venues are routine – a feature, not a bug, of life here.

Keep an eye on valuables in public places such as beaches or parks, as petty theft and opportunistic crime do occur.

Expat women should be aware that social interactions in Israel can be shockingly direct, and some Israeli men may be forthright in their approach, particularly with foreigners. Communicating boundaries clearly tends to resolve unfamiliar situations.

Road safety in Israel

Road safety in Israel has deteriorated sharply in recent years. In 2024, over 430 people were killed on Israeli roads, and 2025 was worse still; nearly 460 fatalities made it the deadliest year in two decades. A chronically underfunded National Road Safety Authority, a police traffic division operating far below OECD enforcement standards, and widespread flouting of speed limits have all contributed to the problem.

Those unfamiliar with local driving culture would often be better served by public transport. Expats who do drive should take out appropriate insurance, especially in rural areas or near conflict zones.

Those driving into the desert should carry plenty of water and a mobile phone, inform others of their intended route before leaving, and stay on marked roads. Check the weather and road conditions before travelling, as the rainy season brings a real risk of flash floods.

The security situation in Israel is highly complex and can change suddenly. Expats travelling in and around Israel should ensure they stay up to date with the latest news, travel alerts and warnings from the Israeli government.

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

For many expats, working in Israel has long been synonymous with the high-tech industry. The economy is quite resilient, underpinned by a world-class technology sector driven by Israel’s strength in applied sciences, engineering, and software development. Many Israeli graduates go on to become specialists in telecommunications and software development.

Israel’s GDP growth rebounded after a difficult period following the outbreak of war in October 2023, and the country is still a destination of interest for internationally mobile professionals in technology and business. This influx of expats, alongside Israel’s diverse population of Jewish, Arab, Palestinian-Arab, and other groups, means the country sustains a wide range of professional cultures and ways of working.

Job market in Israel

The job market in Israel is dominated by technical professions. Israeli companies have staked a major claim in the global high-tech and telecommunications markets due to their specialisations and ability to excel across diverse technological applications.

Key fields of employment for expats are communications, computer hardware and software, information systems, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, finance, medicine, law, and marketing. Cybersecurity in particular has surged since 2023, with defence tech start-ups nearly doubling in number due to the ongoing regional conflict – Beer Sheva has become Israel’s acknowledged cyber capital. Many foreigners also find employment teaching English.

Finding a job in Israel

Most expats move to Israel with a job in hand. It’s best to begin the search three to four months before moving – most employers don’t hire more than four months in advance, as they want people to start almost immediately, which can be problematic for some expats.

Jobs can be found through online job portals and by directly contacting recruitment agencies. It’s worthwhile to invest time in learning Hebrew, as many job listings are not in English. In Arab-owned businesses, prevalent in the north and areas like Nazareth, Arabic is the indigenous language and is vital for business in many sectors, despite its lack of official state status.

Networking is also a necessity in Israel, as most jobs are not publicly advertised. Speaking to colleagues and other contacts about potential opportunities goes a long way – a personal recommendation carries real weight.

Work Permits in Israel

Useful links

• Secret Tel Aviv: Job Board
• AllJobs: Job Listings Israel
• LinkedIn: Jobs in Israel

Work culture in Israel

The work culture in Israel varies significantly between the tech hubs of Tel Aviv and the Palestinian economic centres in the Galilee or occupied East Jerusalem. Tel Aviv is the business capital of Israel, although there are also significant industries and tech parks in Haifa, Jerusalem, and Beer Sheva.

Work dress in Israel is generally more relaxed than in North America and Europe, but formal dress is expected in meetings. Both men and women are advised to dress conservatively when in religious areas or interacting with religious communities. Business cards are common, but there is no formality involved in exchanging them. Socialising is an important part of meetings, and they often run overtime or begin late.

Business hours in Israel are usually from 8.30am to 6pm. The working week is Sunday to Thursday, with Friday mornings included in some industries. These hours may vary, especially in predominantly Islamic areas, where Friday is a significant day of rest. Employees work eight to nine hours per day, with a statutory break of at least 45 minutes, and Israeli law caps working hours at 42 per week.

Business Culture in Israel

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

Managing banking, money and taxes in Israel is generally straightforward for expats, as the country has a highly developed, reliable banking system that is both accessible and internationally connected.

Money in Israel

The official currency of Israel is the Israeli New Shekel, abbreviated as ILS but also known locally as NIS. The shekel is subdivided into 100 agorot.

• Notes: ILS 20, ILS 50, ILS 100, and ILS 200
• Coins: ILS 1, ILS 2, ILS 5 and ILS 10, along with 10 and 50 agorot

Banking in Israel

The biggest commercial banks in Israel are Bank Hapoalim, Bank Leumi, Israel Discount Bank and Mizrahi Tefahot Bank. All major banks have branches throughout the country. Urban branches usually offer more extensive services, whereas rural branches may have limited services and hours of operation. Most banks offer telephone or internet banking, with many of these services available in English.

Banks are generally open on Sundays to Thursdays from 8.30am to around 1.30pm. On Mondays and Wednesdays, banks typically also operate from 4pm to 6.30pm. All banks are closed on Saturday for Shabbat. Hours vary by branch, so it’s worth checking before you visit.

Money transfers in all forms (cheques, cash, and money orders) are accepted in most banks in Israel. As an alternative to opening a bank account in Israel, clients working or living in Israel have the option to open an international bank account before moving. Banks such as HSBC, BNP, and Citibank operate in the country.

Opening a bank account

Expat workers can open a bank account in Israel. The process is usually fairly straightforward and typically requires a passport or residence permit. Preparing recent bank statements from other accounts can help expedite things. It’s also possible to open a bank account with the Postal Bank (any post office) without making an initial deposit.

Credit cards and ATMs

Expats applying for a credit card in Israel will need to make an initial deposit, the amount of which will be specified by the bank. International credit cards are also widely accepted in Israel. Israeli credit cards are available for purchases in Israel in local currency only, while international credit cards can be used worldwide. ATMs in Israel’s urban centres are widespread and accessible 24 hours a day, but they are less common in rural areas.

Useful links

• Bank Hapoalim
• Bank Leumi
• Israel Discount Bank

Taxes in Israel

There are rather high tax rates in Israel, and all sources of income for an Israeli resident are taxed in the country. Income tax in Israel is calculated on a sliding scale from 10 to 47 percent, with a three percent surtax on the highest earners, bringing the effective top rate to 50 percent.

Expats living in Israel for fewer than 183 days in a tax year are only liable for tax on their locally earned income. Those in Israel for 183 days or more in a tax year are considered tax residents and will be liable to pay tax on their worldwide income. Given how complex expat tax situations can be, it is strongly advisable to consult a specialist expat tax practitioner.

Social security and medical insurance

Each employee in Israel must pay social security and health insurance in the form of a salary deduction based on their individual income. Both the employee and the employer are required to pay Social Security.

A non-resident employee in Israel must retain private health insurance for their entire length of stay. Non-residents are entitled to limited services and social security benefits. The social security rate deducted from their salary every month will be the minimum applicable fee.

Useful links

• Israel Tax Authority: Official Website
• Gov.il: Income Tax in Israel

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

Expats moving to Israel do so for various reasons. Many are attracted by the culture or faith, and others are drawn to the economy and thriving tech sector. Israel’s landmass is smaller than the US state of New Jersey, but over 10 million people call it home. It is the world’s only official Jewish state. The Jewish population accounts for approximately 77 percent, and the Arab minority – many of whom identify as Palestinian citizens of Israel – makes up around 21 percent of the population, while other groups, including non-Arab Christians and Druze, make up the remainder.

The population is highly diverse, with American, European, Russian, Asian, and African nationalities represented. Hebrew is the official language, and Arabic holds a special status under Israeli law. English is widely spoken, especially in urban areas and in businesses, and serves as the country’s de facto third language.

Living in Israel as an expat

Israel’s modern and diverse market economy is built on several industries, including biotechnology, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, electronics, information technology, manufacturing, telecommunications, and tourism. Most expats take up a position in these sectors. Israel’s technology industry, in particular, has attracted massive foreign investment. With this influx of capital, ample opportunities for talented and qualified expats have arisen.

Although accommodation prices are rather high, expats should be able to find an apartment to rent in the city of their choice – or, if they prefer something larger and more suited for a family, houses are predominantly found in the outer suburbs of cities. Some suburban properties, particularly around Jerusalem, don’t lie within Israel’s internationally recognised borders or within a settlement in the West Bank or East Jerusalem, and this carries different legal, security, and diplomatic implications.

Public transport in Israel is affordable and generally efficient during the week, but be aware that almost all public transport (including trains and most buses) shuts down entirely for Shabbat – from Friday afternoon until Saturday evening. During this time, those without a car must rely on taxis or shared minivans.

Safety can be a concern in certain areas of the country. Tech hubs like Tel Aviv and Haifa generally offer a standard urban security environment, but Jerusalem is a deeply divided city where geopolitical flashpoints can occur unexpectedly, particularly around East Jerusalem and the Old City.

Working in Israel as an Expat 
Transport and Driving in Israel 
Safety in Israel

Cost of living in Israel

High accommodation prices and low salaries compared to other developed countries mean that the cost of living in Israel can be high. Tel Aviv regularly ranks among the most expensive cities in the world, with housing costs on par with cities like London and New York. That said, you can earn lucrative salaries in Israel, and costs largely depend on where in the country you decide to live and what your lifestyle preferences are.

Cost of Living in Israel
Renting Expat Accommodation in Israel 

Expat families and children

Despite Israeli public schools being both free and of a generally high standard, many expats send their children to international schools, as the language of instruction in public schools is Hebrew. Tuition at international schools is high, but children can continue with a familiar curriculum and language of instruction while also receiving an excellent education.

Families will also discover that Israel is an incredibly child-friendly country, with plenty of activities and attractions to keep them busy outside of school. Zoos, beaches, museums, and parks abound in Israel, and parents will never be short of activities for the little ones.

Education and Schools in Israel 
Best International Schools in Israel

Climate in Israel

Although the weather in Israel varies from region to region, with mountains, a desert, and a Mediterranean coastline, summers are warm and dry throughout the country. Winters are typically mild, but Jerusalem can get particularly cold. Rainfall generally occurs during the colder months, although the desert region is dry all year round.

Weather in Israel

Israel is recognised for its innovations and its multicultural fabric. Expats who can adapt to Israel’s unique and often tense political circumstances will be able to experience a life which is both varied and full of flavour.

Fast facts

Official name: State of Israel

Population: Approximately 10 million

Capital city: Jerusalem (status disputed internationally; Tel Aviv hosts most foreign embassies)

Other cities: Tel Aviv, Haifa, Be’er Sheva

Neighbouring countries: To the south, Israel is bordered by Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. Jordan lies to the east, Lebanon to the north, and Syria to the northeast. Israel is also adjacent to the Palestinian territories: the West Bank lies to its east, and the Gaza Strip to its southwest. The country’s western boundary is defined by its coastline along the Mediterranean Sea.

Geography: Israel has a diverse geography within a compact area. The Mediterranean Sea lines its western coast, providing a fertile coastal plain. As one moves eastward, the terrain transitions through a series of valleys, extending from the hilly northern regions to the arid desert landscapes of the south. The status of regions such as the West Bank, East Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights are the centre of ongoing conflict and subject to differing legal statuses under international law.

Political system: Parliamentary democracy

Major religions: Israel is the world’s only officially Jewish state, and Judaism is the dominant religion among its population. A substantial minority of its citizens are Muslims and Christians.

Main languages: Hebrew (official). Arabic holds a special status under Israeli law. English is widely understood and prominent in business and tourist centres.

Money: The Israeli New Shekel (ILS) is divided into 100 agorot (the singular is agora). Expats with residency can open bank accounts at any of Israel’s major banks, although the process involves thorough documentation and background checks. Non-residents may face additional requirements. ATMs are widespread in urban centres, and cash is still used fairly frequently.

Tipping: A tip of 12 to 15 percent is customary in restaurants. Be aware that you cannot always add a tip to a credit card payment, so carrying some cash or downloading local payment apps is advisable. Taxi fares are typically rounded up.

Time: GMT+2 (GMT+3 from the Friday before the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October)

Electricity: 230V, 50Hz. Israel uses type C (European two-pin) and type H (Israel-specific three-pin) plugs and sockets.

Internet domain: .il

International dialling code: +972

Transport and driving: Israel has a well-developed and expanding public transport network, including intercity rail, bus services and light rail systems in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Cars drive on the right-hand side of the road.

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

Foreign nationals moving to the country for work must obtain a work permit for Israel and an appropriate entry visa before arriving. The B/1 visa category is the main work permit in Israel, and the process is employer-driven – your sponsoring company handles much of the heavy lifting on your behalf.

Applying for a B/1 work permit for Israel

Applying for a B/1 work permit for Israel starts with a concrete job offer and supporting evidence such as an employment contract, proof of financial support, and other required documentation. There are four steps to getting a B/1 visa:

• Submitting an initial work permit application to the Population and Immigration Authority (PIBA), which operates under the Ministry of Interior (MOI)
• Filing a subsequent visa application with the MOI
• Issuing of a short-term B/1 visa, before entry into Israel
• Extension of the B/1 visa at the MOI after arrival in Israel, and being granted a multiple-entry visa for the entire B/1 approval period

In particular cases, you may also be regarded as an ‘Approved Specialist’, enjoying substantial tax benefits, including a reduced maximum income tax rate for an initial period with the possibility of extension.

Work permit application

An Israeli employer (or a well-known global/foreign company) must be the official sponsor of a work permit application. There is no provision for a traditional self-employment work permit in Israel, although alternatives include the Innovation Visa (also known as the Start-Up Visa) for foreign entrepreneurs and the Expert Visa for foreign specialists.

A work permit application must contain a detailed description of the job offered and provide all the information relating to the prospective employee, including educational background, professional experience and proposed salary in Israel. Processing times for work permit applications are typically four to eight weeks, although the total end-to-end process – from initial submission to being cleared to work – usually runs closer to 12 to 14 weeks.

If the application is approved, the relevant PIBA branch will submit a B/1 recommendation letter to the head office.

Upon receiving the recommendation letter, you must file a subsequent B/1 visa application at the Israeli consulate in your country of residence. You may be required to tender medical certificates and criminal background checks.

After a processing period of two to four weeks, you will be issued a single-entry B/1 visa that is valid for 30 days.

Visa extension

Following entry into Israel, you must apply for an extended B/1 visa, which is valid for up to one year and allows for multiple entries into Israel. B/1 work visas are now issued electronically upon arrival, although it’s wise to keep a physical copy for ease of travel.

Any departure from Israel before the extended visa is provided will invalidate your 30-day B/1 visa. You will then need to repeat the consular application step, applying again through the Israeli consulate in your home country.

B/1 visas can be renewed after their initial period. Bear in mind that B/1 work permits are tied to a specific employer – changing jobs in Israel means your new employer must apply for a fresh work permit. The maximum cumulative stay in B/1 status is five years and three months.

Useful links

• Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Work Visa Application
• Population and Immigration Authority: Information for Foreign Workers

Applying for a B/1 STEP work permit for Israel

The B/1 STEP (Short-Term Expedited Process) work permit for Israel is a special type of B/1 visa for foreign workers entering the country for up to 90 days to perform specialist work. The chief advantage of the STEP route is speed – approvals can come through in as little as one to two weeks, and applicants are exempt from the standard prevailing wage requirement (double the average Israeli salary) that applies to longer-term B/1 expert visas. STEP workers must still be paid at least Israel’s national minimum wage.

The B/1 STEP visa cannot be extended beyond its 90-day duration. If you need to stay longer, you will need to leave Israel and apply for a standard B/1 work permit through the full process. The visa also does not cover dependents – spouses and children cannot be included under this track.

Both foreign and Israeli companies can sponsor a foreign national under the STEP process. To qualify, you must possess unique knowledge and expertise relevant to your proposed work activities, and the sponsoring company must demonstrate why your specific skills are needed. The application follows a similar path to the standard B/1 – a work permit application to PIBA’s Work Permit Unit, followed by consular visa processing – but the timeline is significantly shorter.

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

The local culture in Israel can catch newcomers off guard. The country is very diverse, from historical sites in Jerusalem to the bustling business hub of Tel Aviv, traditional Arab villages, communal kibbutzim, and coastal resorts. Expats may experience varying degrees of culture shock as the local culture reflects its varied population, including the Jewish diaspora, Europeans, North and South Americans, and inhabitants from the Arab world and various African countries.

It’s fitting that the phrase ‘chutzpah’ originates from Hebrew, and newcomers may take some time to adapt to Israel’s unique cultural traits. Everything from dating behaviours to treatment of customers and queuing – or rarity thereof – is informed by the country’s cultural context of straightforwardness, and can take some getting used to. Conversely, the straightforwardness of Israelis can be strangely refreshing, and there is something exhilarating about bartering at a local market.

Expats may hear of Israelis described as sabra, or ‘prickly pears’ – tough on the outside but sweet on the inside. On the surface, Israelis may come across as rude, pushy, and inflexible, but new arrivals are often surprised by how willing people can be to break the rules in their favour and how helpful people are in moments of crisis.

That said, bureaucracy is a crucial cause of frustration for expats living in Israel, as completing the most straightforward administrative processes can easily stretch into weeks or even months.

Dress in Israel

Unless expats are in areas such as Jerusalem’s old city, Tsfat, or Palestinian territories like the West Bank, dress in urban areas like Tel Aviv is mostly casual and can be compared to Western cities in Europe and North America. During summer, expats in Tel Aviv will see women in short dresses and men in nothing more than their swimming shorts.

New arrivals are advised to dress appropriately in more religious or conservative areas. Both men and women are expected to keep their arms and legs fully covered. Men should also cover their heads at Jewish religious sites and should be aware of modest dress expectations at Islamic religious sites as well.

Alcohol in Israel

Although not usually consumed in significant quantities, alcohol is a part of everyday life in Israel and is served in bars and cafés across the country.

That said, the presence of drunken youths in the streets of Israel is a lot less common than in countries like the UK. Perhaps an explanation for this is the price of alcoholic beverages. They are fairly expensive in Israel.

Women in Israel

Despite the many laws passed to promote equality and rights for women, Israeli culture has a reputation for being patriarchal. That said, Israel also has a strong history of women in leadership roles (like Golda Meir, former Prime Minister).

Expat women, like in many other places in the world, sometimes report receiving unwanted attention. It’s always advised to approach such situations with caution and awareness. That said, Israel is largely a safe place for expat women compared to many other destinations. Many women feel safe to walk alone through most areas at night.

Language in Israel

While speaking English, Arabic, or Russian can be beneficial in Israel, understanding and speaking Hebrew is nearly indispensable and can greatly enhance an expat’s experience in various situations. Arabic retains a special status under Israeli law, and many Arab Israelis speak it as their first language.

Expats may question whether it’s truly necessary to learn Hebrew. Often, simple processes, such as sending a parcel or buying a bus pass, can quickly become a nightmare when the parties cannot communicate effectively. Speaking even the smallest amount of Hebrew helps tremendously in such situations.

Having some knowledge of Hebrew will also give you an advantage in the workplace. Government-subsidised Hebrew courses known as Ulpan are available for new immigrants, and private language schools cater to expats who don’t qualify.

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

Education and schools in Israel are officially designed to promote democratic values and coexistence. In practice, there are separate tracks based on religious and ethnic identity (State-Secular, State-Religious, and Arab State schools). This structural division often limits meaningful interaction between Jewish and Arab students during their formative years. The core curriculum varies across these tracks; for example, Jewish State schools emphasise Jewish values and history, while Arabic-speaking schools follow a separate state-mandated curriculum.

School culture in Israel is generally more informal than in America and the UK, and teachers and principals are addressed by their first names. The curriculum tends to be broader than that found in North American schools and emphasises mathematics, science, and foreign language learning.

Kindergarten and elementary schools follow a progressive model, valuing experience and social exchange, as well as creativity, play, and emotional development.

While Hebrew is the primary language of instruction in institutions of higher education, many programmes and courses are also offered in English. There are also schools where Arabic is the primary language of instruction.

The academic year in Israel runs from September to June. The Israeli school week runs from Sunday to Friday, with Friday being a shorter day, but schools don’t operate on Saturdays (Shabbat).

Public education in Israel

There is free and compulsory public education in Israel for all children from the age of three to 17. While tuition is free, textbooks, school supplies, and extracurricular activities generally require fees. Although the public education system is robust in many areas, there are significant disparities in resources and academic outcomes between different demographic groups. Many expats don’t enrol their children in public schools, as the language of instruction is Hebrew or Arabic.

Private education in Israel

Private schools in Israel follow the basic curriculum as set by the state, but they follow different teaching standards and philosophies. As such, there are some English-language private schools in Israel, which might be an attractive option for expat children who aren’t fluent in Arabic or Hebrew.

Private schools can be costly for those earning a local salary, but the quality of education tends to be better than that of a public school. Those earning expat salaries will find that private education in Israel is considerably less expensive than in many countries.

Private schools can be highly competitive, and many require rigorous testing before admitting a student. Applications usually require proof of academic record and any extracurricular activities. Students typically undergo verbal reasoning and English proficiency tests, a maths test, and, in some cases, a science test. The head teacher may also interview prospective students.

Useful links

• Nefesh B’Nefesh: Education in Israel

International schools in Israel

There are also a number of international schools in Israel that expat parents can send their children to. The benefit of international schools is that they provide a high-quality education while also allowing academic continuity, as many expat students can continue their home-country curriculum. International schools in Israel also offer an extremely diverse cultural setting, as expat children will be classmates with students from all over the world.

A drawback of international schools is their school fees, which are considerably higher than those of both public and private Israeli schools. Most international schools in Israel are in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, and provide curricula including the American, British (Cambridge IGCSE and A-Levels), French, and International Baccalaureate (IB) programmes.

International Schools in Israel

Colleges and universities in Israel

Israel has a total of 11 universities, most of which are based in Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Haifa. Courses are generally taught in Hebrew, but some English courses are offered, and accelerated Hebrew language-learning programmes are available for international students who want to study in Israel.

Foreign applicants who wish to study in Israel must submit their high school diplomas to the institute to which they are applying. The strength of the diploma will then be weighed against the Israeli bagrut, the matriculation examination used in the university admissions process.

By law, the minimum length of study for a bachelor’s degree is three years. Several professional disciplines require longer study: engineering takes four years, architecture five years, and medicine can take around six years or more. Nursing degrees are also generally four years in length.

Useful links

• Study in Israel: Official Guide

Special educational needs in Israel

There’s a law of inclusion in place for children with special educational needs in Israel. Parents can choose whether their children attend mainstream schools where they will be included in regular classes, a special education class in a mainstream school, or a special needs school. Some schools also have a system in which children spend part of their school day in regular classes and part in special education classes. The aim is to reduce the number of students in special education classes to promote inclusion.

While schools are expected to have all the facilities and professionals available to assist all children with their educational needs, budget shortfalls have prohibited this in some cases. Parents should therefore research what their chosen schools can accommodate before deciding between mainstream and special-needs schools.

Useful links

• Israel Ministry of Education: Special Education Department
• Nefesh B’Nefesh: Special Education Resources

Tutors in Israel

There’s a rather large industry of tutors in Israel, with many parents hiring private tutors for their children. These tutors can be useful in helping expat children adapt to their new curriculum and school environment, assisting them with learning Hebrew or Arabic, as well as with school support in any subjects the child may be struggling with.

Online tutors and in-person private tutors are available throughout Israel. Expat parents can look for a tutor on one of the many tutoring websites, such as Janglo or Tutoroo, or they can ask their child’s school or fellow parents for recommendations.

Useful links

• Janglo: Community Platform and Tutor Listings
• Tutoroo: Online and In-Person Tutors

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

Healthcare in Israel is of an exceptionally high standard and is on par with many developed countries, including the USA and much of Western Europe. Most doctors and nurses in Israel are highly trained and can speak English, making it easy for expats to communicate their needs.

Israel has an extensive public healthcare system that is available for all Israeli residents, regardless of income or pre-existing conditions. There are, nevertheless, numerous private healthcare options for those wanting to pay extra for additional services or personalised, high-end care. The excellent quality and affordability of healthcare in Israel have also made the country a notable medical tourism destination.

Public healthcare in Israel

Since 1995, Israeli residents have been legally required to join one of four non-profit health funds – known as Kupot Holim – which deliver coverage under the public healthcare system in Israel. The universal healthcare coverage is renowned worldwide, benefiting from the country’s state-of-the-art medical technology and research facilities.

Expat eligibility for public healthcare in Israel depends on whether they have residency and are earning a salary. Those making money in Israel are required to pay a health insurance tax, which is the country’s primary source of funding for the public healthcare system.

The public healthcare system in Israel includes all basic and essential healthcare services, but additional services and treatments – such as coverage for specific surgeries or dental care – can be accessed through supplementary insurance. Around 85 percent of Israelis opt for such supplementary plans, which are also offered through the health funds.

Private healthcare in Israel

Private healthcare services in Israel are known as Sharap (an acronym for sherutim refuim prati’im, meaning private medical services). Despite the reach and effectiveness of public healthcare in Israel, it’s not uncommon for patients to wait days or weeks for non-emergency tests and surgeries – an issue that has been exacerbated in recent years by workforce pressures and increased demand.

While some people simply wait for the next available appointment, many others seek private healthcare, which allows for earlier treatments or access to care at a more convenient location. The overall quality of care between public and private health services is, on the whole, fairly equal.

Health insurance in Israel

Expats looking to purchase private health insurance in Israel are advised to look at a variety of options before making a decision. There are numerous companies that offer private health insurance, and specialised coverage plans exist for individuals, families, and groups.

Some employers in Israel provide additional private healthcare coverage on a group basis for expat employees and their families, but this is becoming less common. Expats who are not eligible for the public system – including those on temporary visas or without residency – should arrange comprehensive international health insurance before arrival, as the Kupot Holim is generally only available to residents.

Medical tourism in Israel

The quality and affordability of healthcare in Israel have made the country a notable medical tourism destination, attracting patients from across Europe, the USA and beyond for procedures in oncology, cardiology, fertility treatments, and orthopaedics. Medical tourism in Israel is regulated under a dedicated 2018 law, which requires all medical tourism facilitators to be licensed by the Ministry of Health.

Those interested in travelling to Israel for a medical procedure can hire a licensed medical tourism facilitator, who organises everything from travel and the logistics of the procedure to accommodation and a sightseeing itinerary. These facilitators are usually paid by the hospital and don’t charge the patient anything. It is worth noting, though, that the ongoing regional conflicts have significantly disrupted tourism – including medical tourism – so prospective patients should verify the current security situation and ensure they can obtain adequate travel insurance before making plans.

Pharmacies and medication in Israel

There are plenty of pharmacies in Israel, especially in the country’s metropolitan areas. Known locally as beit merkachat, they’re easy to spot by the green cross sign on the storefront.

Most pharmacies are open Sunday to Friday during regular business hours, with some offering extended or 24-hour services. Finding an open pharmacy on Shabbat (Friday evening to Saturday evening) can be tricky, although most cities operate an on-call rotation; it’s worth familiarising yourself with the local system early on.

Foreign prescriptions are not accepted in Israel – you’ll need a prescription from an Israeli licensed doctor. Some medications that are available over the counter abroad require a prescription in Israel (including certain allergy medications), while others that usually need a prescription elsewhere can be bought over the counter here. It’s wise to bring an adequate supply of any regular medication when you arrive, along with documentation from your home doctor, as brand names and packaging may differ.

Vaccinations for Israel

There are no mandatory vaccinations required for entry into Israel, but travellers are advised to ensure their routine vaccinations are up to date. These include MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), polio, tetanus and influenza. A polio booster is particularly recommended, as circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus has been detected in Israeli sewage samples in recent years.

Depending on the areas you plan to visit and the nature of your trip, additional vaccinations such as Hepatitis A and B may be recommended – typhoid vaccination is advised specifically for those travelling to the West Bank or Gaza. Consult a travel clinic or your healthcare provider at least four to six weeks before departure for personalised advice. Travellers should also take standard precautions such as using insect repellent and practising good hygiene.

Useful links

• CDC: Travel Health Information for Israel
• UK FCDO: Israel Travel Advice

Emergency medical services in Israel

Emergency services in Israel are efficient, with the national ambulance service – Magen David Adom (MDA) – operating a high-tech fleet of land, sea, and air vehicles. Ambulance response times are generally fast, and some private hospitals have their own ambulance services. Many health insurers also provide their clients with a list of nearby hospital numbers for emergencies.

Make sure to memorise the key emergency numbers below. Expats coming from the US or Europe will be relieved to know they can also dial 911 or 112, both of which automatically redirect to local emergency services in Israel.

• Police: 100
• Ambulance (Magen David Adom): 101
• Fire brigade: 102

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

Expat parents looking for international schools in Israel will have a handful of well-regarded options outside the local education system. These schools deliver internationally recognised curricula, including American and International Baccalaureate (IB) programmes, giving students a world-class education and the chance to pick up where they left off if the family moves on.

For expat parents in Israel, these international schools can provide their children with a well-rounded education, as well as international exposure and continuity. The schools accommodate students from a broad age spectrum, from pre-kindergarten to Grade 12. They are concentrated in and around Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, and Herzliya, making them accessible to the bulk of the expat community.

International schools in Israel

Anglican International School Jerusalem

The Anglican International School Jerusalem (AISJ) is one of the longest-established international schools in the country, welcoming students of all faiths to its campus on Rechov Hanevi'im since 1962. Accredited by both the Middle States Association and the International Baccalaureate Organization, the school offers an IB programme alongside an American high school diploma, with a student body drawn from over 40 nationalities.

Gender: Co-educational 
Curriculum: American and International Baccalaureate 
Ages: 2 to 18 
Website: www.aisj.co.il

Eastern Mediterranean International School

A boarding and day school set within the leafy Hakfar Hayarok campus near Tel Aviv, the Eastern Mediterranean International School (EMIS) brings together students from over 50 countries for a merit-based IB Diploma Programme rooted in intercultural dialogue and environmental sustainability. EMIS is worth a close look for expat families who want an immersive, mission-driven high school experience with strong scholastic support.

Gender: Co-educational 
Curriculum: International Baccalaureate 
Ages: 15 to 18 
Website: www.em-is.org

Jerusalem American International School

Serving students from early years through to Grade 9, the Jerusalem American International School (JAIS) operates as the Jerusalem campus of WBAIS on the grounds of the Goldstein Youth Village in the San Simon neighbourhood. The school draws children from over 40 countries for a US standards-based programme that includes a distinctive Jerusalem Studies component and small class sizes tailored to individual progression.

Gender: Co-educational 
Curriculum: American 
Ages: 3 to 14 
Website: www.jerusalemais.org

TreeHouse International School

Spread across five campuses in Herzliya Pituah, just five miles (8km) from Tel Aviv, TreeHouse International School (THIS) caters to over 40 nationalities from toddlers through to high school graduates. Accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges and authorised as an IB World School, THIS also offers AP courses and serves as an official SAT centre.

Gender: Co-educational 
Curriculum: American (including Advanced Placement) and International Baccalaureate 
Ages: 1 to 18 
Website: www.treehouse.co.il

Walworth Barbour American International School in Israel

The Walworth Barbour American International School in Israel (WBAIS) is the country's flagship American international school, offering a rigorous US college-preparatory programme from its main campus in Even Yehuda, roughly 12 miles (20 km) north of Tel Aviv. Established in 1958 under the auspices of the American Embassy, WBAIS now serves some 700 students from over 40 countries, with purpose-built facilities that include science labs, sports fields, a swimming pool and a performing arts centre.

Gender: Co-educational 
Curriculum: American 
Ages: 3 to 18 
Website: www.wbais.net

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

The weather in Israel is one of its most immediately striking features for new arrivals: sun-drenched, varied, and – in summer – intense.

Israel’s geography falls into four broad climate zones. The Mediterranean coast runs north to south in the west; the hilly interior and mountain ranges occupy the centre and north; the Jordan Valley drops to the east, reaching the lowest point on Earth at the Dead Sea; and the vast Negev desert dominates the south. Each zone has its own character, and the differences between them are sharp.

Summers are warm and dry throughout the country, with average temperatures around 82°F (28°C). Winters are mild, with temperatures around 54°F (12°C), although Jerusalem, high up in the Judean Hills, experiences noticeably colder winters and occasional snow. The Jordan Valley, by contrast, is warm year-round, with summer highs that can be genuinely extreme.

Sunshine is abundant, and the heat can feel oppressive at the peak of summer. Expats in Tel Aviv get some respite from cool breezes off the Mediterranean, although the coastal humidity is a factor. Winter brings at least six to seven hours of sunlight daily; summer stretches this to 12 to 13 hours.

Rain falls primarily between October and April, concentrated in the north and along the coast. The Negev is dry year-round.

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

The cost of living in Israel varies depending on where in the country you decide to settle and what type of lifestyle you aspire to. Urban centres are pricier than desert outposts or mountain towns. Tel Aviv, Israel’s most cosmopolitan destination, is ranked as one of the most expensive cities in the world, comparable to cities like New York, US and London, UK.

While wages in Israel may seem competitive internationally, purchasing power is often diminished by the high cost of living, despite the government offering numerous incentives and salary subsidies to new Jewish immigrants following the process of aliyah (Jewish immigration to Israel). Additionally, many expats feel that taxes in Israel are exorbitantly high, with both import and excise taxes leaving buyers bearing the brunt of costs.

Cost of accommodation in Israel

The cost of accommodation in Israel varies depending on location, but it will most likely be your most significant expense.

As in many bustling urban centres worldwide, in cities like Tel Aviv, the demand for housing often outpaces the available supply. Construction worker shortages further limit new housing development. The limited public transport system also means that people want to live close to the city centre. If you choose to live in Tel Aviv’s centre, you will pay high prices for your accommodation.

That said, for the wallet weary, house sharing is still a popular option and a great way to save money for those who don’t mind living with someone else.

Renting Expat Accommodation in Israel 
Working in Israel

Cost of transport in Israel

Maintaining a car in Israel is expensive. The Israeli government does offer benefits to new expats who buy a car, but there are stipulations relating to the number of years the car must be owned and the number of people who can drive it. Petrol is becoming extremely expensive, and Israel has some of the highest taxes on buying vehicles.

Most locals and expats use public transport, primarily trains, buses, and the Tel Aviv Light Rail, to get around in Israel. Recent government reforms have aimed to make public transport more affordable and accessible. Fares vary depending on distance and the route travelled. Individual intercity taxis can be expensive, but they can be a good option for getting around in a large group.

Public Transport in Israel

Cost of groceries in Israel

Groceries in Israel are costly, competing with the most expensive cities in the world. Items like fruit, milk, bread, cheese, and diapers are among the most expensive. You can reduce your expenses by purchasing in bulk and buying seasonal produce. Visiting one of Israel’s many markets is also a sure-fire way to get fresh produce at low prices.

Some of the most affordable supermarkets in Israel include Rami Levy and Victory. If you have a few bucks to spend, you can visit Shufersal or Carrefour for speciality goods at a premium.

Cost of entertainment and eating out in Israel

The cost of food in Israel is already high if eating in, but it becomes even more expensive if dining out. Thankfully, Israeli shopping culture supports haggling, so bargains can be found at markets. Evening entertainment can be costly, including going out for dinner or indulging in some after-work drinks. Tickets for the cinema, concerts, or other forms of entertainment are similarly pricey.

Cost of education in Israel

While Israel offers free primary and secondary education for all children, most expat parents enrol their children in international schools. This is because the language of instruction in Israel’s schools is Hebrew, which may be difficult for older expat children to pick up. Those with young children who are planning to stay in Israel long term should consider enrolling them in public schools, as they are likely to learn the language faster.

International schools are a great alternative for non-Hebrew-speaking children, since they offer programmes in languages such as English, French, and German. The cost of international schools is fairly high, but these institutions tend to offer globally recognised curricula and a wide range of extracurricular activities, which make them worth the cost. Parents moving with children are encouraged to negotiate an education allowance as part of their relocation contract to help offset some costs.

Education and Schools in Israel 
International Schools in Israel

Cost of healthcare in Israel

Expats who earn a salary and are resident in Israel will have access to high-quality healthcare. If you work in the country, you will likely pay a health insurance tax to contribute to the public healthcare system, which covers all basic treatments.

It’s recommended that you secure additional private health insurance to cover elective surgeries and other procedures not covered by the system. The cost of health insurance will vary based on individual lifestyle habits, age, and coverage level. Generally, policies with broader coverage come at higher prices.

Healthcare in Israel

Cost of living in Israel chart

Prices are listed in Israeli shekels (ILS) and may vary depending on product and service provider. The list below shows average prices for Tel Aviv in February 2026.

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

Visas for Israel can be straightforward or fiendishly complicated, depending on why you’re going. Many citizens of other countries enjoy visa-exempt status for short visits. Those planning to settle in Israel will need patience in spades – securing a residence or work permit is a famously bureaucratic affair, and processing times can stretch over several months.

Tourist and business visas tend to have a quicker turnaround, while residence and work visas demand more lead time. It’s always wise to start the application process well in advance.

Tourist and business visas for Israel

Israel draws visitors from every corner of the globe, and getting a tourist or business visa for Israel is relatively painless for most Western passport holders. Nationals of around 100 countries – including Australia, Canada, the EU, New Zealand, South Africa, the UK, and the USA – do not need a traditional visa for stays of up to 90 days.

Since January 2025, all travellers from visa-exempt countries must obtain an Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA-IL) before travelling to Israel. The ETA-IL is applied for online through the Israel Population and Immigration Authority’s official portal, costs ILS 25, and is valid for two years or until your passport expires – whichever comes first. Applications should be submitted at least 72 hours before departure, and without an approved ETA-IL, airlines may refuse boarding.

Before travelling, ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond the date of travel and that you have space for documentation. Israel does not stamp passports. Instead, travellers receive a small blue entry card upon arrival that contains biometric data, the entry date, and the visa category. This card serves as proof of legal entry and should be kept safe throughout your stay – you’ll need it for hotel check-ins, car rentals, and other services.

A common concern is whether stamps from Arab or Muslim majority countries will cause problems at the Israeli border. While Western tourists rarely face issues, travellers of Arab or Palestinian descent often undergo significant additional screening and should be prepared for intensive questioning.

Extending a stay beyond 90 days is possible. To do so, apply at a branch of the Population and Immigration Authority before your permitted stay expires.

Useful links

• Israel Population and Immigration Authority: ETA-IL Application Portal
• Israeli Government: List of Visa-Exempt Countries

Student visas for Israel (A/2 visa)

Those wishing to study in Israel should apply for an A/2 student visa, which permits multiple entries and exits for up to one year before it must be renewed. The visa must be secured before entering the country and can be applied for at the Israeli embassy or consulate in the applicant’s home country.

Student visa holders in Israel are not generally permitted to work during their studies, although exceptions may apply for postgraduate research students. Applicants should provide proof of enrolment at a recognised institution, along with evidence of financial support for the duration of their studies.

Residence visas for Israel

Relocating to Israel can be a challenging and complex process, primarily due to the highly bureaucratic nature of the country. There are several situations in which foreigners may be eligible to gain residency in Israel:

• A/1 Temporary Resident Visa is for members of the Jewish diaspora who wish to experience life in Israel before committing to full citizenship.
• A/5 Temporary Residence Visa grants broader residency rights – including access to healthcare and social services – and is typically issued after the initial B/1 phase of a spousal process, or following the A/1 period.
• B/1 visas for those in a genuine relationship with an Israeli citizen or permanent resident, granted through a gradual process after proving their relationship status.
• B/1 visas are also for expats who have a job offer in Israel and whose employer is acting as a sponsor.

Once residency is granted, new residents usually receive a biometric residency card (Teudat Zehut). This card contains personal details, a photo, and fingerprints and serves as official identification during their stay in Israel.

When an individual receives a visa or residency, it’s essential to check provisions or processes for children or other family members, especially in mixed-nationality families. Some visa types have streamlined processes for immediate family members.

Those making use of the A/1 visa should be aware that Israel has compulsory military service requirements. Potential residents should note that military service is a central part of Israeli civic life and is directly involved in the administration of the occupied territories. Men who arrive before age 26 and unmarried women who arrive before age 21 may be subject to conscription, so it’s essential to understand how this could affect residency plans.

Work visas

Obtaining a work visa for Israel can be a long and complicated process, but expats who secure sponsorship from an employer through a firm job offer can gain residency in the country.

There are two types of Israeli work permits, both falling under the B/1 work visa category. The first is an open work permit, primarily granted to those of Jewish descent or expats in a genuine relationship with an Israeli citizen. The second is a restricted work permit, which ties a foreign worker to a particular employer who must act as their sponsor.

For more info, see our guide to Work Permits in Israel

Useful links

• Israel Population and Immigration Authority: Visa Options

Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice, and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details. 

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

Business culture in Israel is eclectic, with surprising contrasts between warm hospitality, a direct and no-nonsense business approach, aggressive negotiations, and slow-paced meetings. Expats doing business in Israel will likely feel at ease in the casual culture, but they should nevertheless be prepared to be flexible and patient.

Important industries in Israel include technology and communications, agriculture, manufacturing, transport and tourism.

Fast facts

Business hours

Typical office hours are 8.30am to 5pm (and sometimes 6pm) from Sunday to Thursday, while many businesses also operate on Friday mornings until noon.

Business language

International business is conducted in English, while local business is more often conducted in Hebrew. English proficiency is generally high among professionals, so a translator is rarely necessary for international meetings. Although its official status was demoted in 2018, Arabic is the native language of over 20 percent of the population, and it is an essential cultural and business language, particularly in Palestinian-run enterprises and mixed cities.

Dress

Business casual is common in most jobs, although women should generally avoid wearing revealing clothing, especially if they work with religious colleagues.

Greeting

Business associates usually greet each other by shaking hands. Expats should note that religious associates don’t typically shake hands with members of the opposite gender. Business cards may be exchanged for convenience, typically at the start of an introductory meeting. It’s appropriate to have them printed in English.

Gifts

Companies typically send gifts to their customers at holiday times. The holidays include Passover in the early spring and Rosh Hashanah in early autumn. Those with Muslim or Christian colleagues might consider giving gifts during holidays like Eid or Christmas. Champagne or flowers may be appropriate after closing a large deal.

Gender equality

While the business culture prides itself on being egalitarian and informal, there are significant structural disparities. Israel has one of the highest gender wage gaps in the OECD, and women are underrepresented in senior leadership roles across both business and government.

Business culture in Israel

Known as the ‘Start-Up Nation’, Israeli business culture is pervaded by technology and innovation. Israelis prize intelligence and creativity and show respect for experts and prominent specialists in their field.

Networking

Many Israelis have a direct, assertive, and persistent approach. Business can feel both informal and fast-paced, and it is often conducted with an inherent urgency. At the same time, personal connections are of the utmost importance. Colleagues and business partners take time to get to know one another, socialise, and drink coffee together.

Egalitarian work structure

The management style in Israel is often collaborative, and hierarchy in Israeli businesses isn’t always strongly enforced. Israelis are interested in solutions and results, and everyone is given the opportunity to voice their opinion. The culture places an enormous emphasis on hospitality, and Israelis will make an effort to be accommodating to expats from other cultures.

Cultural sensitivities

When working with Jewish religious colleagues, it’s important to be aware that they will not be available on the Sabbath (sundown on Friday until Saturday evening). It is customary to ask if there are special requirements when serving food or drink, as some Israelis observe the dietary laws of Kashrut.

Dos and don’ts of doing business in Israel

• Do offer drinks when hosting a meeting, and prepare snacks when hosting long meetings
• Do respect diversity and individual opinions. Avoid politics in general conversation and vocalising generalisations about Israel’s culture and people.
• Do be prepared for everything to be negotiable, and be assertive
• Don’t offer to shake hands with a religious person of the opposite sex
• Don’t be surprised by sudden changes in plans
• Do make polite conversation and be friendly, flexible, and accommodating
• Don’t take it personally if a colleague answers their phone or takes a call during a meeting – this is entirely normal in Israeli business culture
• Do take a moment to examine a business card before putting it away – it signals respect

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

Finding affordable accommodation in Israel has become increasingly difficult. Housing costs have risen steeply for years, driven by a chronic supply shortage and strong demand. High property prices have been pushing people out of city centres for some time, and rents have continued to climb.

To decrease their housing costs, most expats and locals living in Israeli cities rent their accommodation and often live with housemates. State-funded housing subsidies are primarily available to Jewish immigrants (Olim).

Types of accommodation in Israel

When it comes to types of accommodation in Israel, apartments are by far the most common property type, although houses outside the city are a feasible alternative.

Apartments

Property standards vary considerably in Israel. Many low-end apartments have not been refurbished since they were built in the 1970s or 1980s, whereas new developments often offer amenities such as shared gardens, fitness rooms, and, in some cases, swimming pools.

Houses

More extensive properties suitable for families tend to be found in suburban areas. Most of these are modern properties, many of which are custom-built to meet the owner’s specifications.

Furnished vs unfurnished

Furnished apartments are not as common as unfurnished ones. If renting a furnished home, expats should not expect it to include as many facilities and furnishings as in other countries. Most homes are unfurnished and come completely bare. Expats should be prepared to pay for appliances such as ovens, fridges, washing machines and sometimes even air conditioning units.

Short lets

For those not looking for a long-term commitment or only planning to stay in Israel for a short period, short-term rentals are an ideal option. These accommodations are often furnished, equipped with essential amenities, and strategically located in urban centres or tourist hotspots. Some might come with added perks like housekeeping services or access to communal facilities.

It’s also not uncommon for expats and tourists to opt for serviced apartments or Airbnb rentals, which offer flexibility and often a more personalised touch to the stay.

Useful links

• Airbnb: Short-term rentals in Israel

Finding accommodation in Israel

Most new arrivals find accommodation in Israel through online property portals. Finding a home through a real estate agency is possible, but many Israelis have traditionally avoided this route, as agency fees are usually equivalent to a full month’s rent. That said, if a landlord hires a real estate agent, the agent’s fees for most rental agreements are paid by the landlord, not prospective tenants.

Facebook groups for English-speaking expats in Israel are a useful additional resource, with listings and word-of-mouth recommendations that don’t always make it onto the portals. Some expats will have the advantage of a relocation company working on their behalf, which can assess preferences and shortlist properties to view.

When looking for an apartment in Israel, expats should note that ‘one room’ means just that: a studio apartment. ‘Two rooms’ means a living room and a bedroom. Apartments are often advertised as having ‘one and a half’ rooms, which generally means there is a partition within the room.

Useful links

• Madlan: Israeli property listings and market data

Renting accommodation in Israel

When renting accommodation in Israel, expats will most likely be dealing with a private landlord when signing a contract. It is imperative for tenants to understand their contracts. Expats who don’t speak Hebrew are strongly advised to bring a native speaker along to assist.

Application process

Expats must complete a rental application, typically with employment details, references, and a credit check. They may also need proof of income to assure the landlord that they can cover the rent. Some landlords may request a guarantor, especially if the applicant is new to the country or doesn’t have a steady income.

Once the application is approved, expats will need to negotiate and sign a rental agreement. Negotiations can centre around rent, maintenance fees, lease duration, and any potential renovations or modifications to the property.

Leases

Most rental agreements are for one year, although landlords usually have no problem with tenants who leave sooner, provided they find a new tenant to replace them. Expats should always check this with their landlord if there is any chance they may wish to leave before their lease expires.

Before signing a lease, expats should consider the following:

• The expected condition that the apartment should be left in when moving out – some landlords may demand that the tenant repaint the apartment before their departure.
• The maintenance fee (vad ba’it), which includes general building maintenance, will be higher if access to a fitness suite or gym is included.
• The price increase at the end of the year is typically included in the contract.

Deposits

Expats will be expected to pay the first month’s rent upfront and the equivalent of at least another month’s rent as a security deposit. The deposit is returned at the end of the tenancy once the home has been inspected and any damages have been accounted for.

Terminating the lease

If an expat needs to terminate their lease earlier than the agreed period, it is essential to give the landlord written notice, usually 30 days in advance. Some leases may include a penalty for early termination, so make sure to understand this before signing the agreement. If the tenant can find a replacement renter to take over the lease, the landlord might be more accommodating with waiving penalties.

It’s also worth noting that some landlords might offer a month-to-month lease after the initial lease term, providing both parties with more flexibility.

Useful links

• Israeli Government: Guide to Renting an Apartment

Utilities in Israel

Utilities in Israel are largely the tenant’s responsibility – in most instances, expats renting property will be expected to cover the cost of gas, electricity, water, and refuse collection. Gas, electricity and water can be expensive, so it pays to keep an eye on usage. Bills are usually issued every two months.

Electricity

Electricity in Israel is supplied by the Israel Electric Corporation (IEC). The voltage is 230V at 50Hz. The plug and socket standard is Type H – unique to Israel and the Palestinian territories – although modern Type H sockets also accept the common Type C (Europlug). Expats from the US or other countries using 110 –120V systems will need a voltage converter for non-dual-voltage appliances.

Electric bills are generally issued bi-monthly, and setting up a direct debit is the easiest way to keep on top of payments.

Gas

Gas for cooking and heating is commonly used in Israel. Most urban areas have a centralised gas system, but in some suburban and rural areas, households might rely on individual gas cylinders. Check the gas connections and safety features when moving into a new home.

Water

Water is a precious resource in Israel due to the country’s desert climate. As a result, water prices can be relatively high. Bills are issued every two months and can be paid online or at local post offices. It’s also encouraged to use water-saving techniques, such as shorter showers and using water-efficient appliances.

Bins and recycling

Waste disposal and recycling in Israel are managed at the municipal level. Most neighbourhoods will have designated areas for waste collection, with separate bins for recyclables, organic waste, and general rubbish. There’s been a push towards increasing recycling efforts in recent years, and expats are encouraged to familiarise themselves with local recycling guidelines.

For larger waste items, arranging for a special collection or dropping them off at designated disposal sites might be necessary.

Internet

Internet connectivity in Israel is among the best in the world. Fibre broadband is widely available in urban areas, and speeds typically range from 100 to 1,000Mbps. The main infrastructure providers are Bezeq and HOT, through which a range of ISPs – including Partner and Cellcom – offer their services.

Read more about Keeping in Touch in Israel.

Useful links

• Israel Electric Corporation (IEC)
• Mekorot National Water Company
• Ministry of Environmental Protection: Waste and Recycling

This guide was written prior to the 2026 conflict between the US, Israel and Iran and related hostilities. Non-essential travel to Israel is not advisable due to the risks related to military action in the broader Middle East area. Please consult official government travel advisories and exercise extreme caution before considering travel to the region.

The public transport and driving infrastructure in Israel make getting around accessible. Due to the country’s compact size, intercity journeys are quick – a train from Tel Aviv to Haifa takes under an hour, and the high-speed line to Jerusalem clocks in at just over 30 minutes. Most expats in the major cities find a car unnecessary.

Public transport in Israel

Israel has a wide-ranging public transport system, and expats will find that cars are not a necessity in the major cities. Buses, trains and taxis are available and can be used to travel countrywide.

Using public transport is also easier than ever with the Rav Kav payment system. Cash is no longer accepted on buses or trains; instead, a Rav Kav smartcard can be purchased and topped up for use on all forms of transport. Cards can be topped up via the Rav Kav Online app, at machines in stations, or at thousands of retail points across the country. Mobile apps like Moovit and HopOn also allow passengers to pay for certain tickets digitally. Some passes, such as monthly or multi-day contracts, can only be loaded onto a personal Rav Kav card.

Buses

Buses are the primary form of public transport in Israel and can be used for both local and intercity travel. Buses in Israel are safe and air-conditioned, and they run frequent, reliable services. Expats should note that bus services are minimal on Shabbat and Jewish holidays.

Egged is the largest bus company in Israel, and it runs most of the main routes throughout the country. There are frequent buses between Jerusalem, Haifa, and Tel Aviv.

Arab-run bus companies provide bus services in Nazareth, East Jerusalem, and the West Bank, although the vehicles are usually older and less comfortable.

Trains

The national train operator in Israel is Israel Railways. The rail network runs from Nahariya and Karmiel in the north to Be’er Sheva and Dimona in the south, with the backbone of the system following the Mediterranean coast. There are direct services to Ben Gurion Airport.

The high-speed line between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, opened in 2018, has cut travel time between the two cities to around 30 minutes. The coastal lines running north to Haifa and beyond are among the most frequent and best served routes on the network. Electrification of the entire rail network is underway and scheduled for completion by 2027.

Light rail and metro

Jerusalem has a light rail system running through the city, with an extended network and a Green Line under construction. Tel Aviv’s light rail system launched its Red Line in August 2023, running from Bat Yam through central Tel Aviv to Petah Tikva with more than 30 stations, including 10 underground.

Haifa has a unique underground funicular called the Carmelit – the world’s smallest subway system, with four cars operating as two two-car trains, six stations and a 1.1-mile (1.8km) single tunnel running up and down Mount Carmel.

Sheruts

Sheruts are shared taxis – typically 10-seat minivans – that traditionally ran along bus routes at similar fares. The availability of sheruts in Israel has declined dramatically in recent years. Most intercity routes, including the once popular airport services to Jerusalem and Haifa, have ceased operating. A handful of routes still run within Tel Aviv and a few other cities. Where they do operate, sheruts have no fixed schedule and leave only once full.

Useful links

• Israel National Public Transport Authority
• Rav Kav Online
• Israel Railways
• Egged Bus Company

Taxis in Israel

Taxis in Israel are widely available in the major cities and can even be used for intercity travel. City taxis run on meters, and intercity fares are set by the Ministry of Transportation.

Taxis can be hailed off the street, ordered via telephone, or booked with the Gett app, which is the most widely used ride-hailing platform in the country. Gett dispatches licensed taxis and allows for automatic card billing, route tracking, and upfront fare estimates. Yango is another ride-hailing app available in some areas. Uber does not operate in Israel, although some legislation is being advanced to allow ride-hailing services.

Useful links

• Gett: Ride-hailing App
• Israel National Public Transport Authority

Driving in Israel

Expats living in one of Israel’s main cities, such as Jerusalem, Tel Aviv or Haifa, will find driving unnecessary. Traffic congestion is a constant problem, parking is difficult, and Israeli driving tends to be aggressive. With comprehensive transport options available, it’s easy to get around these cities solely by public transport.

Israel has a broad road network, and the highways between Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and Haifa are well maintained. Road signs are generally in Hebrew, Arabic and English. Driving in Israel is on the right-hand side of the road.

Israel’s intercity roads are marked by numbers. Even-numbered routes run north to south, whereas odd-numbered roads run east to west.

Driver’s licences

Expats can legally drive in Israel using their foreign driver’s licence for up to one year from their date of entry. After one year, they will need to apply for an Israeli driver’s licence.

An Israeli driver’s licence can be applied for at the Bureau of Motor Vehicles (Misrad HaRishui). Expats who have held a valid driver’s licence for at least five consecutive years before their arrival are not required to take a driving test. Those with between two and five years of driving experience will need to pass a short practical conversion test.

Useful links

• Israel Ministry of Transport and Road Safety

Domestic flights in Israel

Domestic air travel in Israel centres on the Tel Aviv–Eilat route, operated by airlines including Arkia, Israir, and El Al. Israel’s main international gateway is Ben Gurion International Airport near Tel Aviv. Ramon Airport near Eilat, which opened in 2019, handles both domestic and some international flights. Haifa Airport serves a small number of domestic and short-haul regional routes.

Useful links

• Israel Airports Authority
• El Al Israel Airlines
• Arkia Israeli Airlines